Steam-engine



4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

D. E. KBMPSTER.

I STEAM ENGINE. No. 436,068 Patented Sept. 9, 1890..

(No Model.) 4Sheets-Sheet D. E. KEMPST-ER;

STEAM ENGINE. No. 436,068. Patented Sept. 9, 1890.

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D. E. KEMPSTER.

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D. E. KEMPSTER.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 436,068. Patented Sept. 9, 1890.

XXHI SSES YNE Naims PETER9 (10., #MUTO-LIYHCL, WASHINGTON. B4 c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC DANIEL E. KEMPSTER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

STEAM-ENGINE.

, SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,068, datedSeptember 9, 1890.

Application filed June 14, 1890. Serial No. 355,509. (No model.)

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL E. KEMPSTER,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, in the county ofSufiolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Steam-Engines; and

controlled by an auxiliary valve operated by the main piston of theengine.

My invention has for its object to improve and simplify this class ofengines; and it consists in the hereinafter-described construction andarrangement of the valves and their actuating mechanism, whereby boththe main and auxiliary valves may be flat slidevalves moving in parallellines with the main piston, and mechanically connected thereto, so as tobe controlled thereby, and both valves, together with themain-valve-actuating pistons may be readily inspected withoutdisconnecting any part of said valve mechanism by simply removing thecover of the steam-chest.

My invention also consists in other minor details of construction, andin the various combinations of devices, which will all be fullydescribed hereinafter, and the special features thereof clearly pointedout in the claims at the end of this specification.

In the accompanying drawings similar figures of reference indicatecorresponding parts wherever they occur thereon.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a steam-pump embodyingmyiuvention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the steam end of saidpump. Fig. 3 is a central cross-section of the same. Fig. at is a top orplan view of said steam end with the cover of the steam-chest removed.Fig.5 is a central cross-section of the intermediate frame, lookingtoward the steam end ofv the pump and showing thereon thewaste-water-valve device for carrying the water of condensation from thesteam-chamher of the steam-chest into the eXhaust-chamber thereof. Fig.6 is a detail view of said waste-water drip-valve, shown partly in lo11-gitudinal section. Fig. 7 is a similarview of a little differentconstruction of the same. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of said latterconstruction. Fig. 9 is a central longitudinal section of the steam endof my invention when using cylindrical valves instead of the flat valvesshown in Fig.2, and also shows another style of lever mechanism for.operating the auxiliary valve. of one end of the main slide-valve andone of its actuating-pistons, showing the grooveand-tongue connectionand holding-screw. Fig. 11 is a detailside view of the same, show.- inga different connection or arrangement, whereby the groove and tongue andholdingscrew are dispensed with and a simpler and cheaper device madeuse of.

In the drawings, 2 represents the main Water-cylinder.

' 3 represents the main steam-cylinder, and 4:, 5, and 6 itssteam-chest. The main steam-cylinder is provided with the piston 7 andits piston-rod 8. Said piston Fig. 10 isa detail plan view 7 ispreferably provided with the usual springpacking rings, and its rodextends through the stuffing-boxes on the steam and water cylinders, andhas upon its water end the usual piston or plunger. Said water-cylinderis pro-' vided with valve and air chambers, and is constructed in theusual manner with water,

ends of steam-pumps.

The steam and water cylinders are separated by the intermediate frame 9,preferably provided with a projection 10, having a cavity or device forholding the lower endof the usual hand-lever, which engages the stud orpin 12 in the cross-head 13 by aslot in said lever, thereby admitting ofoperating the pump by hand in a well-known manner.

The piston-rod has fastened upon it about midway of its length thecross-head 13,before mentionech Said cross-head preferably extendsdownward, and its lower end forms a bearing which runs in a groove orslot in the bottom of the intermediate frame 9, thereby holding saidcross-head and its piston-rod from revolving. The upper end of saidcrosshead is forked and provided with a projection, or, preferably, ananti-friction roll 14, held so as to revolve therein by the screw studor pin 12. Above said roll 14 is adjustably pivoted the rocker-lever 15in a suitable position to be rocked or tilted by the reciprocation ofsaid roll, so that the upright arm of the rocker-leverwill be vibratedback and forth intermittently by the movement of the main piston-rod. Tothe upper end of said lever 15 is pivoted a connecting-rod 16, said rodbeing made in two parts and connected by a right and left nut havingsuitable checknuts, so as to be readily adjusted as to length. The otherend of said connecting-rod is pivoted to the auxiliary-valve stem 17,which passes through its stuffing-box on the steamchest and connectswith the auxiliary valve to be described hereinafter.

The rocker-lever 15 is pivoted on a stud or hearing 18, and held inplace thereon by a suitable collar and nut provided therefor. The studor bearing 18 is squared or flattened, and said flattened portionextends through the slotted bracket or stand 19, fast on the side of theframe 9, and is held therein by a suitable nut and washer. A verticaladj usting-screw 20 passes through the squared or flattened portion ofthe pivotal stud 18, and is held from longitudinal movement by therespective ends of said screw engaging the frame and slotted stand. Thescrew 20 is provided with a suitable head, so as to be re volved by awrench or pin, and thus raise or lower the rocker-stud 18 in the slottedstand 19, said vertical adjustment of the rocker determining the pointin the stroke of the antifriction roll 14:, at which said roll shalltilt said rocker and reverse the auxiliary valve, thereby changing themotion of the main piston. The vertical adjustment of said rockerlever,together with the adjustable connecting-rod 16, is used to regulate thelength and position of the stroke of the engine, as will be readilyunderstood without further explanation herein.

The steam-chest comprises all that portion of the steam end above themain cylinder,

the part *4 of said chest being preferably cast integral with said maincylinder, and its upper face provided with the main-valve seat havingsteam-ports 21 22 and exhaust-ports 23 24. Said steanrports extenddownwardly into opposite ends of the main cylinder, and theexhaust-ports extend down into an exhaustchamber 25 within saidsteam-chest, said exhaust-chamber being provided on each side with anoutlet 26, to either one of which the exhaust-pipe may be connected. Thesteamchest has upon each side, just above said outlets for theexhaust-pipe, the inlets 27 to either one of which the steam-supply pipemay be connected, said inlets entering into the sides of the part 4 ofsaid chest, and then turning upwardly, opening through the face thereofinto the valve-casing orpart 5 of said steam-chest, said valve-casing 5and its cover 6 being secured fast upon the part 4 of said steam-chestby suitable screw bolts in the usual manner.

The part 4: of the steam-chest is provided with the upwardly-extendingportion 28, having formed therein the minor cylinders 29 and 30 arrangedin line with the main cylinder and separated from each other by acentral head or partition, the outer ends of said cylinders beingpreferably left open, thus avoiding the disadvantage ofany stuffingboxes therefor, and said cylinders are provided with suitable pistons 31and 32, preferably having suitable spring packing-rm gs arranged in theordinary manner with steam-pistons. Said pistons are attached to themain slide-valve 33 by vertical grooves and tongues and held togetherbysuitable screws 34, passingthrough slots 35 in said valve and screwinginto said pistons, so as to connect said pistons to opposite ends ofsaid valve in such a manner as to allow the valve a certain amount ofVerti= cal movement or play, whereby as the valve and valve-seat wearaway, the valve may follow down and keep tight upon its seat; also, whenwater from condensation in the steamchest or otherwise is forced by thesteam through the main cylinder into the exhaustpipe, the main valve isfree to rise from its seat and release itself from the water, thusavoiding danger or breakage of the valve or its connections. The mainvalve is preferablya flat slide-valve of a double D-pattern and coversthe ports at opposite sides of the central portion 28, and isconstructed with side, arms, which encircle said central portion of thesteanrchest and connect the two ends or faces of the valve together,said faces being provided with the usual exhaust-cavities forcooperation with the steam and exhaust ports in the ordinary manner withthis class of valves,

The main valve is provided with one or two-in the present instancetwo-npwardlyextending projections or pins 36, fast in said valve at eachend thereof just above the faces of the same and in a central linetherewith. Said pins pass through slots 37 in opposite ends of the fiatauxiliary slide-valve 88 on the auxiliary valve seat or face of thecentral portion 28 of the steam-chest, and hold said valve 38 centrallyupon said seat, so as to be free to adjust itself thereon to compensatefor any Wear between said valve and its seat.

The auxiliary-valve seat on the part 28 of the steam-chest is providedwith small steainports 39 40, extending through the same into the minorcylinders 29 and 30, said steamports being located therein at one sideof a central longitudinal line and close up to the central head, whichseparates and forms the inner ends of said minor cylinders. The

said auxiliary-valve seat is also provided with the small exhaust-ports41 42 43, and said exhaust-ports are located therein at the oppositeside of a central longitudinal line IIO' into the minor cylinders, andare situated a sufficient distance from the central head forming theends of said cylinders to insure a proper amount of cushion for theminor pistons reciprocating therein, as will be more fully explainedhereinafter. The small exhaust-port 43 opens into a passage extendingfrom the auxiliary-valve seat downwardly through the central headbetweenthe two minor cylinders and into the exhaust-chamber 25.

The auxiliary slide-valve 38 is provided with an aperture 44 of suitablesize andadapted to intermittently and alternately register with theauxiliary steam-ports 39 and 40. Said valve 38 is also provided on itsunder or face side with two exhaust-cavities 45 and 46 of suitable-sizeand adapted to intermittently and alternately register with and connectthe small exhaust-ports 41 and 42 with the central exhaust-port 43, andthus as said valve 38 is reciprocated back and forth upon its seat bythe valve-stem 17, which connects with said valve by suitable ears 47 onthe back thereof, and is operated by the connected rocker-lever and itsactuating roll through the movement of the main piston, steam isadmitted and exhausted to and from the minor cylinders, and, actuatingthe minor pistons therein, operates their connected main valve 33 andcauses it to reciprocate and admit and exhaust steam to and fromopposite ends of the main cylinder through the main ports 21, 22, 23,and 24, as will now be more fully explained.

The operation of my invention is as follows: Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3,and 4 of the drawings, steam enters through one of the inlets 27 andfills the valve-casing or steamchest 5, passing down through the mainport 21 into the main cylinder 3, where it forces the main piston 7,together with its rod 8, to the left, as indicated by the arrow thereon,the steam or other vapor on the opposite side of said piston, passing upthrough the main port 22, and turning in the exhaustcavity of the mainvalve passes down through the exhaust-port 24 into the exhaust-chamber25, and thence through one of the outlets 26 into the exhaust-pipe. Asshown in Figs. 2 and 4, the valve 38, the valve 33, and its connectedactuating minor pistons 31 and 32, stand to the left of their stroke,and the auxiliary steam-port 40 and the main steam-port 21 are both wideopen to the direct steam or other fluid pressure. As the main piston 7travels to the left and approaches the end of its stroke, the roll 14 onthe piston-rod 8 engages the under side of the left hand end of therockerlever 15 and gradually raises it until the upright arm of saidlever, through its connected valve-stem 17, has moved the auxiliaryvalve 38 to the right, thereby admitting steam through its aperture 44and the port 39 into the minor cylinder 29 behind its piston 31,

and at the same time the cavity 46 in said auxiliary valve connects theexhaust-port 42 with the central exhaust port or passage 43, andexhausts the steam from cylinder 30 into the exhaust-chamber, thusinstantly moving the minor pistons 31 and 32, together with theirconnected main valve 33, to the right. As the minor piston 32 travels tothe right, it passes and covers the inner end of the exhaust-port'42,and then cushions on the vapor shut up within its cylinder 30 as theother or steam port 40 of said cylinder is tightly closed by the face ofthe auxiliary valve, and thus the said main valve is quickly actuated bydirect steam-pressure and properly cushioned ports 21 and 23 and thusopens the exhaust c to the right-hand end of the cylinder, and at thesame time steam or other motive fluid is admitted through the main port22 into the left-hand end of said cylinder, thereby reversing themovement of the main. piston, and as said piston travels to the rightthe movement of the main valve to the left into its original position(see Fig. 2) to reverse the stroke of said piston is accomplished by aprecisely identical operation of the auxiliary-valve mechanism as justdescribed with relation to the movement of the main piston to the left,and therefore a redescription of the movement of the parts in theopposite stroke of the engine would seem superfluous. The object of theproject-ions or pins 36 on the ends of the main valve 33 entering intoslots 37 in the auxiliary valve .38 are not only for holding saidauxiliary valve. centrally upon its seat, as before stated, but areprincipally for the purpose of establishing a positive mechanicalconnection between the main valve and the auxiliary valve and mainpiston of the engine, whereby if at any time, by reason of the smallauxiliary ports or passages becoming clogged up, or by reason of a verygreat speed of the engine occasioned by suddenly relieving it of theload against which it was workingas, for instance, when IOC a pump losesits Water andthe steam did not act upon the minor pistons to reverse themain valve quick enough to prevent the main piston from striking thecylinder-headsone or the other ends of the slots 37 in the saidauxiliary valve would engage the projections or pins 36 in the mainvalve and reverse it mechanically in the proper time to absolutelyprevent the main piston from ever striking the cylinder-heads at anyspeed of the engine. The contacting parts on the two valves are solocated with relation to each other as to positively engage after theauxiliary ports have opened to admit steam to the minor pistons and themain valve has not been moved in proper time thereby. The reversal ofsaid main valve is then assured by the operation of the mechanicalconnections between said valve and the main piston-rod,

i as 3,068

backed by the full power of the engine. The

steam acting on the minor pistons will ordinarily' operate the mainvalve as required, in which case the projections on the two valves willnever come in contact with each other, their office beingsimplyapositive safeguard against accidents which might occur under somesuch circumstances as are above mentioned.

It is evident I may connect the minor pistons to the ends of the mainslide-valve by other means than are shown in Figs. 2 and 10, and Fig.llillustrates onevery simple and cheap construction, in which the mainvalve is formed with cars 64 at each end, and the pins 36 extend throughand are fast in said ears, and their lower ends enter holes drilled in aprojection or lug 65 on the back of the minor pistons, the upper ends ofthe pins 36 entering the slots in the auxiliary valve, as beforedescribed. This construction is very convenient, as by removing thesteam-chestcover 6 the auxiliary valve, the main valve, and the minorpistons may all be quickly removed from the steam-chest, as will readilybe seen and understood by any mechanic.

Itis evident I may reciprocate the auxiliary valve by other mechanismthan that hereinbefore described, and I have shown in Fig. 9 one otherform of said connecting and operatin g mechanism asarrangedbetween saidan xiliary valve and the main piston-rod. In this case a lever 48,forked at both of its ends, is pivoted on a stand or bracket 49 on theside of the frame 0. The lower forked end of said lever straddles themain piston-rod 8 and is pivotally connected to a collar 50 fast on saidpiston-rod by the short connecting-rod 51.

The upper forked end of said lever 48 straddles the valve-stem 17, andis pivotally connected to a sliding collar 52 loose on said valve-stemby two short-connecting rods 53 53. The collars 54. 54 on saidvalve-stem are adjustably held by set-screws, and their position thereonregulates the length and position of the stroke of the engine. Thecontinuous reciprocationof the piston-rod produces a like movement ofthe sliding collar 52, and the engagement of said collar at or near thelimit of its stroke in both directions with the properly-adjustedcollars 54 54. on the valve-stem produces anintermittently-reciprocating movement of said valve-stem and itsconnected auxiliary valve, as must be clearly understood without furtherdescription.

As shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, I provide a suitable waste-water valve55, which I connect to'the side of the steam-chest so as to draw thewater from condensation or otherwise out of the valve-casing or part 5and pass it into the exhaust-chamber 25 of said chest, thereby avoidingwhen first starting the engine forcing said water through the main portsinto the cylinder, said cylinder being also provided with suitabledrip-cocks for removing the water from condensation or otherwise, in theusual manner.

The waste-water valve 55 is pref crably constructed as shown in Fig. 6,in which a suitable' hollow casting 56 is provided with two hollowscrew-threaded nipples or fittings 57 and 58, adapted to fit the inlets27 and outlets 26, respectively. The nipple 57 is constructed with asuitable valve 59, provided with a suit ble screwstem, stufiing-box, andhand-wheel, as shown. Said nipple is also provided with a suitablecollar, which clamps and holds the hollow fitting or casting 56 againstthe side of the steam-chest when said nipple is passed through saidcasting and screwed tightly into one of the inlets 27 in said chest. Thenipple 58 is closed at its outer end and is also provided with asuitable collar which clamps the lower end of the casting 56 when passedthrough the latter and screwed tightly into one of the outlets 26 in thesteam-chest. Both of said screw-nipples 57 and 58 are provided aboutmidway of their length with perforations on all sides,so as to give afree passage to the water, as plainly shown in the drawings.

Figs. 7 and 8 show the waste-water valve 55, constructed with a taperingplug in the casting 56, like a stop-cock, instead of the valve andvalve-seat shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and this construction maybe preferredunder some circumstances.

In Fig. 9 I have shown my invention constructed in a little dilferentmanner from that hereinbefore described, and in which I use cylindricalinstead of flat valves, although the general and essential principle ofmy invention is clearly retained in my said latter construction. In thiscase the upwardly-extending portion 28 of the part 4. of the steamchest,and which is preferably cast in one piece with the main cylinder 3, isformed in two parts instead of one, as in the first instance, and saidtwo parts are also formed integral with the valve-casing or part 5 ofsaid steam-chest, said chest 4 5 being provided with the cover 6, heldthereon by suitable screws. The portions 28 28 of said steamchest arebored to form the minor cylinders 29 30, which are closed at theirouterends by the screw capsor heads 60 60 and their inner ends leftopen, said cylinders being separated by a central space 61, as shown.The minor pistons 31 32 are formed in one piece with the main valve 33,which is cylindrical in form and provided with suitable ports 62 63 andthe usual D-shaped exhaust-cavities in the outer face, saidcavities inthis case extendiug entirely around the valve. Above the main valvewithin the upper part of the portions 28 28 is formed the cylindricalauxiliaryvalve-seat provided with the auxiliarysteamports 39 4:0 andexhaust-ports 41 42. The cylindrical auxiliary valve 38, having theexhaust-cavities 4.5 L6, is connected to-the valvestem 17 andreciprocates within its cylindrical seat. A downwardly-extending pin 36in the center of said valve 38 passes. through the central slot 37 inthe main valve 33, holding said valve from revolving, and said pin andslot perform the same office and operate in substantially the samemanner to mechanically connect the main valve with the auxiliary valveand main piston,and thus insure the operation or reversal of said mainvalve,

so as to absolutely preclude the possibility ofthe main piston everstriking the cylinderheads at any speed of the engine, as beforedescribed with relation to the first construction having flat valves.

The operation of this construction of cylindrical valve mechanism, shownin Fig. 9, is as follows: The main piston in its former movement to theright through its mechanical connections between the piston-rod and theauxiliary valve moved said valve 38. to the left, as shown, and steamfrom the chest passed into the right-hand open end of the valve-seatthrough the small steam-port 39 and behind the minor piston 31, therebymoving the minor pistons 31 32 to theleft, the auxiliary exhaust-cavity46 having connected the small steam-port 40 with the exhaust-port 42, soas to freely exhaust the steam from the minor cylinder 30 through theexhaust-cavity of the main valve 33 and through the main exhaust-port 24into the exhaust-chamber 25. The movement of the minor pistons, togetherwith the main slide-valve 33, of which it forms a part, to the leftconnects the valveport 62 with the main steam-port 21, thereby admittingsteam from the central chamber 61 of the chest into the right-hand endof the main cylinder 3 and reversing the movement of the main piston,causing it to travel to the left, as shown. The steam in the left-handend of the main cylinder escaping through the main steam-port 22 andturning in the exhaustcavity of the main valve passes through the mainexhaust-port 24 into the exhaust-chamber 25 and thence into theexhaust-pipe. As the main piston nears the end of its stroke to theleft, the sliding collar 52 strikes the right-hand collar 54 on thevalve- 'ating pistons, may all be readily inspected or quickly removedfrom the steam-chest Without disconnecting any of the pipes or outsidejoints or connections by simply removing the cover 6 of saidsteam-chest. These features are great advantages, and together with thedescribed feature of the mechanical connection between the main pistonand its valve, whereby the said valve is absolutely certain to alwayslead said piston, so that it is impossible for said piston to everstrike the cylinder-heads under any speed at which the engine can berun, will be understood and appreciated by engineers and others familiarwith this class of engines.

It Will be of course evident to any mechanic that, if preferred, theauxiliary slide-valve 38 and the valve-seat and ports thereformay belocated upon the side of the minor cylinders instead of above them; andfurthermore, if

preferred, the entire steam-chest 4 5 6 may be.

arranged upon the side of the main cylinder instead of upon the top' ofthe latter, as now shown. It is also evident that the pins 36 in themain slide-valve 33-might be fast in the auxiliary slide-valve 38 andengage with the outside of opposite ends of the said main valve andoperate equally as well as in the former case.

The invention is of course applicable to any fluid-pressure engine, andis susceptible of minor changes and modifications Within'the scope ofmechanical skill Without departing from the essential spirit of myinvention.

Having thus fully described the nature and construction of my invention,I wish to secure by Letters Patent, and claim 1. In a direct-actingengine, the combination of the main cylinder, the main piston andpiston-rod, the steam-chest on said cylinder havingmotive fluid supplyand exhaust pipe openings, the two minor' cylinders and pistons therein,the main-valve seat having induction and eduction ports for said maincylinder, the flat reciprocating main slide-valve thereon having theprojection or pin 36 and controlling said ports, suitable connectingdevices between said minor pistons and said main valve, theauxiliary-valve seat having snitable ports for said minor cylinders, theflat auxiliary slide-valve thereon having the slot 37 and reciprocatingparallel with said main valve, but on a different plane and controllingsaid ports, and theconnected auxiliary- Valve-actuating mechanismconnecting with and operated by the main piston of the engine,substantially as described. I

2. In a direct-acting engine, the combination, with the steam-actuatedmain slide-valve and the auxiliary slide-valve reciprocating paralleltherewith, but on a different planeoted roekenlever 15, eonneetingmod16, valve stem 17, and a reciprocating valve, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a direct-acting engine, theintermediate frame 9, the slotted stand19, and the rockerdever stud or bearing 18 therein, combined with theadjusting-screw 20, substantially as described, and for the purpose setforth. I

6. In a steam-engine, the combination, with the steam-supply inlet 27and the steam-exhaust outlet 26, of the waste-water valve 55,substantially as described.

7. The waste-water valve comprising the hollow casting or fitting 56,the two perforated screw-threaded nipplesor fittings 57 58, and thevalve 59, all substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

8. In a direct-acting engine, the valve-aetuating minor pistons 31 32,and their cylinders 29 30, provided with the auxiliary-valve seat havingthe auxiliary ports, substantially as described, combined with theauxiliary slide-valve 38, reciprocating on said valveseat andcontrolling the passage of the motive fluid through said ports, andactuating mechanism connecting with said auxiliary valve and the mainpiston of the engine, all substantially as described.

9. In a direct-acting engine, the combination, with the main cylinder,its piston, and

piston-rod, of the parts 4 5 0 of the steamchest affixed centrally tosaid main cylinder, the main-valve seat on said part at having ports 2122, leading into said cylinder, and the ports 22 23 into theexhaust-chamber 25, between said main cylinder and said steamchest, theflat main slide-Valve 33,controlling the motive fluid supply and exhaustof said main cylinder and constructed with two end faces connected byarms, substantially as described, the part 28 of the steam-chest 4encircled by said arms, the minor cylinders therein having a centralseparating-head, the auxiliary-valve seat thereon having the ports 39 4041 42 leading into said minor cylinders,

.and the companion port or passage 43, leading from said valve-seatthrough the central head 'into the exhaust-chamber, the minor pistons 3132, Within said minor cylinders, connected with and reciprocating themain slide-valve, the auxiliaryflat slide-valve 38, controlling themotive fluid supply and exhaust of the minor cylinders and connectingactuating mechanismoperated by the main piston of the engine,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DANIEL E. KEMPSTER. Witnesses:

HENRY CHADBOURN, FRANK E. GREENWOOD.

